Deferred action battery



May 5, 1953 J. J. COLEMAN E-rAL DEFERRED ACTION BATTERY s sums-sheet 1 Filed Jan. 25, 1951 May 5, 1953 J, J. COLEMAN ETAL 2,637,756

DEFERRED AcTToN BATTERY Filed Jan. 25, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 5, 1953 J. J. COLEMAN ETAL DEFERRED ACTION BATTERY 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 25, 1951 Patented May 5, 1953 :UNITED sursis oF Fics DEFERRED.ACTIONBATTERY J oseph-J Coleman and Milton-E'..Wilke, Freeport, fIlI., assignors to 'y Burgess :f Battery .(ompany, `lrreeport;"Illa-a corporation. off.Delaware ApplicationJanuaryiZS, 195.1;Serial No. .207,722

'i9 Claims. Hil

'lhs. 'invention relates to improvements rin primary .batteriesand particularly :to primary batteries of the deferred action type. `More especially, it relates ,to` improvements jin a multiple celldeierred action jbattery Whicnisadapted to be energized by bringing a vquantity of activating liquid in .contact with the cells thereof. Forexample, it may be activated by beinel dipped or immersed ,in a bodyfof activatingliquid. Specifically, the invention relates to batteries vof the character described in which the cellsiare of lthe fiat type.

In batteries ofthe general characterldescribed, theinteriors of. the cells are exposed to `the surroundingspace `so that all oftliecells may be activated simultaneously by contact ywith a common body of the activating liquid. The difiiculty has been encountered that not only does 'the activating `liquid go yinto the cells butfit-remains at the surfaces Where the` cells adjoin each other, and forms bridges between thepelements 0f adjacent cells,.as the positive electrode of one cell and the negative electrode of the adjacent cell. a consequence local action takes place at the negative electrodes4 and Short circuits occurjbetween the cells, With the result, that the voltage of the battery is reduced and the energy .is dissipated.

It. is an object of the invention to provide a construction forbatteries of the type described in which such local action and short circuits are substantially eliminated.

Afurther vobject is to `provide animproved battery'of the character described in whichy the structure is simple and economical.

Another object is' to provide a'` battery structure and methodV of making the same which. makeI l possible the rapid, economical *and*V simple manufacture of the batteries. t

lAnother object is-to providega 4"battery structure` and method ,of r,making:the same which render possible the economical manufacture .of va Wide variety ofsizes of cells and batteries..

A further object is to provide v.abattery of the character ydescribedirivvhich theintcroell connections are not `exposed and therefore not subject to corrosion.

Another vobject .is to. provide .a battery or the character describedY .in which theffenti-re area., ofY

one surface ofthe lmetal, negative.r electrode is exposed. .to .theelectrolyte andthereby utilized. In many flat cell batteries a so-callciduplex `electrodcisjfused which, consistsof the `negative electrodeof one celland positive `:electrode,ofj the adjacent;` cell :mechanically and.- electrically .f j oinedl together. "In some designs the edges and borders or; the-duplex eleetrodes arecovered 'with a nonconductive,'electrolyte-impervious substance in order te p revent'localaction andgdisspation of the negative electrode. Such a covering results in a reduction yin activeelectrode'surface and is not required in 'the batteryof the present invention.

Aiur'ther yobject is to provide an elongated primary cell'blank which is adaptedto be cut intoV lengths to form individual cells o of'V the battery of vthel invention.

TFurther objects are to `provide vmethods for forming 'the `elongated cell blank, for forming cells by cutting the blank Ainto lengths, and lfor forming the batteryof the invention by arranging saitlcells 'injuxtaposed relation and connecting them in series.

Othero'bjects and advantages Willbecome apparentfromthe following description, which is to--be` taken `in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation of' an embodiment of thebattery of the invention;

iig: 2 isa sectionalv elevation of a portion of the batteryof-'Fig 1;

vvlig. 3 is aperspective view of an individual cell adaptedl for-'use in said battery;

`Figi-1 is aperspective view of an elongated multiple-cell blank adapted tobe cut into lengths tofforma plurality of individual cells such as shown iinFig. 3; o

Figffisan enlarged fragmental sectional elevationfof amodification `of' the battery of thel inventionf'showing-a different means for connecting thelcells together;

Figffis-a plan-view cfa group-,of cells connested as shown inFig.--5 -before they are brought into juxtaposed Y relation;

Fig. 7 is an-ienlargedragmental sectional ele- Y vation"showing-a=furthe1' means-foi' interconnecting vthe cells of the battery;

Sf'and 10 are 'sideelevations of different modifications of'the battery of the invention; Fig. 9` iswan` elevation of--acell of the battery Of'FigS;

Figxll is ant-end view of the battery of Fig. 1

ziigs.` '12and 13-'are'fragmental side and top vieWs,-respectively, of a-different embodiment of thc-'battery of the invention; and

Eigrl `isa plan-view of an inter-cell separator ,for-aise in the embodiment of Figs; 12V andv 13. embodiment shownin Figs, 1 .anday is a batt-eryy comDSCd :0f:- a "plurality of. lelectrically wmleted flats-.cellsjfsllch asis shown inFig.

3, arranged in face-to-faee juxtaposed relationship, each cell being off-set lengthwise thereof with respect to the cells adjacent thereto and the whole assembly being held together under pressure by the encircling band or tape I2 or other suitable means.

Each cell is composed of a plurality of juxtaposed thin, fiat cell elements arranged in sandwich-like relationship, said elements comprising, from left to right in Figs. 2 and 3, the positive electrode I3, the depolarizing body I4, the electrolyte-receptive element I6 and the negative electrode I1. The composition of the various elements is not important in the present invention, the essence of the invention being the arrangement of the cells and the elements thereof. In a specific embodiment of the cell', the positive electrode I3 may be composed of silver, the depolarizing body I 4 of silver chloridey the electrolyte-receptive element I6 of absorbent paper such as blotting paper, and the negative electrode I'I of magnesium. The members-I3 and I4, together form a composite positive electrode element for the cell. The electrodes I3 and I'I form the facing surfaces for the assembly of elements.

The assembled juxtaposed cell elements are enclosed upon all except two opposite sides thereof by a wrapper I8 which may be composed of a suitable substantially electrolyte-impervious, non-conductive material, such as paper impregnated with resin, varnish, etc., rubber =hydro chloride, a form of which is commercially available under the trade mark Pliofilm, the copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, polymerized ethylene, or the like. The assembly ot' cell elements, as shown in Fig.'3, isof greater length than Width or thickness and the Wrapper is formed by encircling and encasing the assembly laterally with a sheet of the material I 8 and turning the meeting end portions 2|) of the sheet outwardly and uniting said portions by an adhesive, or in the case of the rubber hydrochloride and polymerized ethylene products, by heat-sealing said portions together. The wrapper is preferably cemented by an adhesive to the cell elements or at least to one of the electrodes I3 or I'I. A firm wrapper is thus formed which is open at the ends, exposing the ends of the cell elements. At each such end, the cell elements and the wrapper I8 are preferably caused to terminate in substantially the same plane. The resulting cell has two broad sides and two narrow sides encased by the wrapper and two open sides or ends which are exposed to the surrounding space. Upon each of the broad sides an opening 2| is provided in the wrapper exposing the positive and negative electrodes respectively, said openings being preferably nearer to one end of the cell than to the other for reasons which will be explained-hereinafter.

In a preferred method for making the cells II) the thin, flat cell elements are provided in elon-A gated ribbon form, that is, -in lengths several times and preferably many times theV length of a single cell. The ribbons are assembled in juxtaposed, sandwich-like relationship as is, illus trated in Fig. 4, and the assembly is enclosed laterally by an elongated Wraper I8' in the same' manner as described heretofore in` connection with the cell of Fig. 3, and openings 2| are formed in the broad sides of the wrapper I 8 at intervals spaced apart lengthwise of the blank a distance substantially equal to the length of a singlel cell. The openings may be formed before orafter the wrapper is placed about the assembly'ofelongated cell elements. The elongated blank- "IS solfm'frndy 4 is then cut into lengths suitable to form the individual cells I0. Such cutting may be done by a knife, shears, or other suitable instrument.

In assembling and connecting the cells into the battery illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, they are arranged in a stack with the broad sides thereof in face-to-face juxtaposed relationship and with their open ends'directed toward the same two opposite sides of the battery. In other Words, they are arranged in substantially parallel relationship, that is, with their longitudinal axes in parallel relationship. In the embodiment illustrated, the longest dimension of the cell is that extending from one open end to the other, and the axis extending in this direction is considered the longitudinal axis. The invention is not limited, however, to cells of such shape and said dimension may be equal to or less than other diynrxensions of the cell.

In accordance with the present invention, means are provided to prevent the formation of bridgesof electrolyte: between the [open sides of adjacent cells. In the embodimentk of Figs. 1.- and 2 the cells of the'battery are arranged in a zig-zag arrangement, that is, each succeeding.

cell is off-set or displaced in the direction of its open .end with respect to the preceding cell, andy the off-set of each said succeeding cell is in the opposite direction from that of the last. The result is a staggered succession ofcells by reason of which the open ends of each cell are spaced a substantial distance from the open endslof theA adjacent cells.

In making up .the.battery, the cells are all oriented similarly, for example with the vpositive electrodes I3 thereof all atthe left side of the cells as the battery is viewed in Figs. 1 and 2.y With the cells made as described heretofore, thisI is conveniently done by rotating alternate cells, edgewise through 180 with respect to intermedi.

particles, preferably precipitated silver-particles,-

and a waxy binder-lubricant, which may be of microcrystalline wax, beeswax, paraffin, candelilla, montan, orthe like.

The conductive wax is preferably applied heating it sufficiently to' soften. it and then ap-v plying a small quantity 22 thereof to each of the exposed electrodes of .the cells ,ID at the openings 2| prior to the assembly of the battery.v If desired, sufficient of the composition may be minals ofthebattery. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 the assembled battery has a length great'- er than its other dimensions, and its longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes yof the cells. The assembled battery isfcomplessed longitudinally teatri-mathe?elements:otstheieellsf intmsuitable; :pressure engel-tement. with each t; :metthefbodiesz;st cenductiee preseurehffecnduetive contact iwitli-v feacn i other. 'Ilse composition-,im plastic; and the two (imitant` ing bcdie substantially f .merge liuto each other andare@l showminslig. 2; as a-rsingla. conductive.

element.- 2;2. The;assembledcells,areitnembound togetheryin..theincompeessed arrangement, by.. the bamrty .eratapeH t2; orT :other- 1 suitable. means.

The@ dutside ffelectrodesf of: ythe -end l cells areconnected4 respectivelyto i,tbe,batteryr tesmina-ls z-fanddt; 'Iliisiisfaccomplishedvby :any suitable mesme-as,l the: soldery 2l zas-:shown in Eig. 32, and,

if :desired the eeperun 3, 2l may .be closed zend sealedfby-a table; nonfcimductiye, s electrolyte. resistantzcomioositien westlichras lacquer.; torv var ntish.

: T-heggendcell-,f lll; has; ,anfadditienal wrapper 23 tery aise'connected. inseriescand a, relatively. high voltagebatteryresults. output `voltage is caused.. to; have )the `value desired, b5/' i regulating the number of,A cells, tlie- {nv-1mb err- A shown. in l.,

being arbitrary and riet @necessarilyAtl'iepactiial number used in any'case. vThe bati'ery is initially manufactured `in i theeelectrolyteffree condition. and. the. introduction of electrolyte .or activating liquid isdelayed funtilit is desiredto, placethe battery,inservice.` ,It is then rendered operative by placingitne 1 openi ends of thefcells, Contact with aisuitable; activating liquid. `Wlnle:forgtlle..

purposes of" the invention, the vcharacter,of the activatingliquid is .not critical or importantin the specic embodiment disclosed. a `suitable liquidisia dilute solutionioisodium chloride plain vwater,,such astapmaten '.l'lieiaetivatrigT liquidV maybe i1otro.duceol;` in suitable manner as by introducing yasmalL quantity into each 0f` the openjv ,endsof `the .,oells, Lbut, preferably: itis. introducedy byy momentarilycontactingthe..open

endsof tlfiel cells with; a, body. of' the liquider by immersingytbebattery in sucheboldy. ,The liquid isiabsorloedby tloe,electrolytereceiving elements,

l 6. andthe.. battery 4is-,therebyrendered operative. `Iinlmoylri batterie sin whichtheellsare in substantial, .alignment inthe longitudinab vdirection of l the v battery-.and the open ,cell ends .are

noty .spaced apart, the, activating liquid Aclings to thesurfacesthereof,.at ,the open end..antl forms bridges between adjacentcells. Such bridgesare conductive and' constitute 'shcitcincuits between theicells. In ,additonethey constitutebodies of electrolyte, in whichitbe positive-.and negative electrodesof. adjacentcellsnormally, ,assume .di-- ferent potentialservith"y ther-cenit. that local.. eletrolyitic; action takes place at the. negative elec.- trodes Which-causes adissipationof'the energy of'tl1e`battery. 'Batteries ofi the character 'de'- scribedererusually small and" itY isL highly desircellseare electively enticedfromteachotherrse 6i @Infiithesbatteityi illustetted.ib incFis. iltanslil thev @entendsof th formedxbetween themfandi there isl no substantial loss. 0f voltagetor energy. ',The :spacingk is the meansn for s preventirlgnsuoh; bridges.` In accord'- ancemiththe--inventiom suchespacingjiisfataleast le inch, which hasI beenfgf Gund` t mumidist-anceito bei; h enecial-v in` the prevention of; bridging; andwshortfcircuits. The spacing; may` befgreater-thanthis if, des ireol.r In the embellir mentshowrrinllies.;Lend@ thefspacingisfequali .:Fie 5;'llustratesiimfresmentaryrtormtalmodie cationsottbe:batteryfaszfsbowni Etes 1. .-an,d.2

Inf thiszembodiment:agissent: .cells erecto netted weet-her f by a zwirefzcondueter 31; which con:` nectedsby tlimsolder 32 rtontloe; positive e strode Ifandrnegativef'electrode: ils Ott-.he twozfedieoente cell .fand passeslthlionghfrend;is aesommndeted inn'thefonenirnesiz l, in ,thecelliwrappers;- I8.; The

inspthat. themesative electrodes Il:varefrada'acent:A

to=the-visibleopenings 21 lof xthe `tW-.o :outside: cells shownsin; Fiefoandtthet positive. velectrder i3 `adj ecerit; to :thefvisible :opening of: .thesmldlei cell, x one-:vof` the .ffcomiuctors 31 is; connecteda` to the:positivefelectrode ;-of pthe first celll-an'd the negativer: electrodewof fthe; second :cell- (from, left.

t0 right in Fig. 6), andanother conductoris,

connected; to thepositivefelectsode:` of thevsecond cell andfthe negative electrodecfethethirdzcell, and soon. In this mannerethevpositive and negativeV electrodes of each :pair: off-'adjacent fcells; are 1connectedtogether 4flhe-zfvisifble' (in ig; T6)

- sides lof the first andzsecond cells-arethen: brought together 'as 'indicatedlinflie 5; .the :invisible sides' of theasecond f andthird :cells are brought togethenand so ori-'until thebatteryieassembled. after-which it, isplaced. under "compression andrtheaassembly united' -byaz tape-.fas described here'.- tofore inconnection With'liigs; laan'drZ;

yA "further" embodiment-Lisi illustrated "fragmen tally= in- Figf' in I:which fanseparate. ,elementfor' connecting the-cells together' isr not "employed, but rather'the-positive and negative electrodes of" each pair of adjacent cellsare brought into directv conductivefcontact: Withv each other by thecompression under which tliebattery is assermbled. "The negativefelect-rode I'.' of one cell isy directly exposed toithepositive electrode |3`of the adjacent cell through theiopenings '-21 in lthe wrappers i8, and'. the compression exerted upon the battery longitudinallythereof causes the positive electrode I3 and tlie-adiacentiA layer of depolarizirigI material M" to imderefo-v af--bendingor bulging i-nto the-opening-'ZI andl IintoconductiveV ContactwWit-hy the negative electrode- H y'wif-"tile adjacent ncell. In "the drawings; 4Kthe thickness ofV the cellelements ,is greatly exaggerated =forv clearness"ofillustrationmand-tinmactual--practice;

of be thei the thickness of the positive electrode is only a few thousandths of an inch and may be as little as .001 inch, and the depolarizing element I4 and the other elements possess suiicient flexibility to undergo the bending and bulging required to provide the conductive contact described. In this modification, the bulge of the electrode I3 is shown at 35 and is the means for connecting the cells together.

A further embodiment of the battery is illustrated in Fig. 8 in which the open ends of the cells are out at adiagonal with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cell. The cells 40 are stacked together in substantial alignment in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the battery. They are oriented similarly with the planes of their faces perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the battery and are held together in pressure engagement by the band or tape 4I. The structure of the cells is the same as has been described in connection with cells I with the exception that the open ends are cut o at a diagonal as described heretofore. Also, the openings 42 in the walls of the cell wrappers and the intercell connections may' be located more nearly at the centers of the broad sides of the cells, as shown in Fig. 9. The cells are made by rst forming elongated strip-form blanks I9 as illustrated in Fig. 4 and then cutting these into individual cell lengths, the cutting being at a diagonal to the longitudinal 'axis of the blank.

In the assembled battery, the cell ends are at a diagonal to the longitudinal axis of the battery and the diagonals on the same side of the battery bear the same directional relationship to the said longitudinal axis. The effect of the diagonal cell ends is to space said open ends apart, and the end surfaces of the cells are caused to be at such an angle to the longitudinal axis thereof that said open ends are spaced apart at least 11s inch. The battery is provided with end terminals 43 and 44 in the same manner as described heretofore in connection with the terminals 25 and 2S of the battery of Figs. 1 and 2.

A further embodiment of the battery of the invention is illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11, in which alternate cells are rotated through an angle of 90 with respect to the intermediate cells. In this embodiment the cells 50 are similar to the cell I0 shown in Fig. 3 with the exception that the openings in the wrapper for the intercell connections are located substantially centrally of the broad sides of the cells. The cells are stacked together in juxtaposed relation with the alternate cells rotated edgewise through an angle of 90 with respect to the intermediate cells. The cells are connected together by means similar to that described heretofore and they are brought into pressure engagement and are held in assembled relation by the band or tape 52. The battery is provided with end terminals 53 and 54. In this embodiment, by reason of the fact that each cell is rotated through a substantial angle with respect to the adjacent cell, the open ends of said cells are spaced a substantial distance apart in accordance with the invention, which distance is 11s inch or greater.

Another embodiment of the battery of the invention is illustrated fragmentally in Figs. 12, 13 and 14. In this embodiment, the cells E0 are similar to the cells D of the embodiment of Fig. 10, and the assemblyof cells is-held together and in pressure` contact by the tape t2 which is similar to the tape I2 of the embodiment of Fig. 1.. Thel cells. are in substantial alignment longitudinallyof the battery, and between each pair of adjacent cells is a separating element 64 of non-conductive, electrolyte-resistant material, such as parain-impregnated paper or paperboard, rubber hydrochloride, a polymer of ethylene, the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, or the like. The separator 64 projects beyond the boundaries of the faces of the cells making contact therewith, whereby it serves as a means for preventing bridging of electrolyte or activating liquid from one cell to another and particularly from the negative electrode of one cell to the positive electrode of the adjacent cell. For this purpose the functional parts of the separator 64 are the two Vend portions Which extend beyond the en ds of the cells and beyond the sides at and just inwardly of the ends of the cells. The projection should be' at least -312- inch beyond the boundaries of thel cells at these points in order that the eiective distance between the open ends of adjacentv cells is at least g inch, the minimum distance which is benecial in the prevention of electrolyte bridges. The separator 64 is preferably relatively stiff so that it is not readily bent or folded in use, and it is notched at the median portions of its side edges as shown at 66 to accommodate the' tape 62. A substantially centrally located opening 63 is provided in each separator 64 through which opening adjacent cells may be electrically connected by suitable means `(not shown), such as the conductive wax 22 `or the conductor 3I illustrated in Figs'. 2 and 5 respectively. The assembled battery has `a terminal conductor at each end, one of which is illustrated at l0. v

The activation of the various embodiments may be accomplished in the same manner as described heretofore in connection with the embodiment of Figs. v1 and 2.

While several embodiments vof the invention have been described and illustrated, the invention is not limited thereto and modifications and changes may be made as will occur to those skilled in the art. vAs stated heretofore, the` composition of the various cell elements is not important and other systems than that specifically described may be used as desired. For example, instead of employing magnesium and silver electrodes and a depolarizing body of silver chloride, the electrodes may be composed of magnesium and copper and the depolarizing body may be cuprous chloride. lIn such a cell, the activating liquid may be Water or a dilute solution of a suitable salt. The cell system may be of the Leclanche type, employing zinc and carbon electrodes, a depolarizer of a mixture of powdered manganese dioxide' and carbon and an electrolyte of an aqueous solution of Zinc chloride and ammonium chloride. The conductive wax described heretofore is a satisfactory means for `connecting the zinc and carbon electrodes of adjacent cells. It is contemplated that the nvention is not limited in any respect with regard to the system of cell elements, and that any system may be employed as is desired.

What is claimed is:

1. A primary battery adapted'for energization by contact With a body of activating liquid, comprising a plurality of juxtaposed series-connected flat cells, each'of said cells comprising a sandwich-like arrangement of ilat cell elements including a pair of dissimilar electrodesforming respectively the facings of said cell and an electrolyte-receptive element between said electrodes,

A a substantially lelectrolyte-limpervious .Wrapper ysimilar electrodes for-ming the flat facings cells, yand an electrolyte-recelliiive element beenclosing each-said ycell upon all except two o p- 'bycontact with a body of activating liguid, ,com- ,prising a plurality of juxtaposedzei'ieseeonnected flat cells of generally rectangular shape, each 'of said cells comprising a sandwich-like arrangeinent lof flat cell elementsincluding a `pairsofydis- :said

tween said electrodes, a substantially electrolyteimpervious wrapper enclosing each said cell upon all except two opposite surfaces thereof and leaving said two surfaces exposed, the edges of said cell elements at each of said exposed surfaces terminating substantially in a flat plane, said wrapper extending upon each said covered cell surface to the planes of said exposed surfaces, in each pair of adjacent cells an electrode of one being adjacent to the dissimilar electrode of the other, said adjacent cells being displaced a substantial distance with respect to each other along the planes of said flat faeings thereof so that the exposed edges of said adjacent dissimilar electrodes are spaced apart sufficiently to prevent appreciable local action after the battery is activated.

3. A rectangular flat primary cell comprising a sandwich-like arrangement of rectangular fiat cell elements including an electrolyte-receptive element and two electrodes, said electrodes forming respectively the top and bottom flat facings of said cell, a substantially electrolyte-impervious wrapper coextensive with said fiat facings and extending around a perimeter of said cell and leaving the two end surfaces thereof exposed, each exposed cell end being a composite of the exposed end surfaces of said cell elements and said wrapper, the exposed end surfaces of the cell elements and the wrapper being substantially in the same transverse plane.

4. The method of making primary cells which comprises assembling in sandwich-like relation a plurality of elongated, flat, ribbon-like cell elements including a pair of electrode elements and an electrolyte-receptive element between said electrode elements, said cell elements being continuous and uniform throughout the lengths thereof and said electrolyte-receptive element being in contact with both f said electrode elements, laterally encasing said assembly of cell elements in a wrapper of non-conductive, electrolyte-impervious material to form an elongated strip-form cell blank, and severing said strip-form cell blank transversely into lengths to form individual cells.

5. A primary battery adapted for energization by contact with a body of activating liquid, comprising a plurality of juxtaposed series-connected flat cells, each of said cells comprising a sandwich-like arrangement of fiat cell elements including a pair of dissimilar electrodes forming respectively the facings of said cell and an electrolyte-receptive element between said electrodes, a substantially electrolyte-impervious wrapper yenclosingfeachsaid.cell upon allfexcept two opposite :exterior surfaces thereof and leaving said two oppositecsuriaces exposed, `,the edge surfaces of Asaid cell-.elements `fbeing 'exposed at said exposed ,cell surfaces, :in .each pair of adjacent cells an .electrode ,of one fbeingadjacent to the y dissimilar electrode of the other, said exposed surfaces of said-.cellsbeing exposed onthesaine two opposite sides oflfsaidbazttery, leach .cell being offset in the .direction of an` exposedsurface thereof with respect )tothe cell. adjacent thereto., the offset of eacpisucceedingcell vbeing in a .direction opposite t0 :that cf the laat s0. Athat a vstaggered `succession offcells isfformed'and the. xposedsurfaces of said electrodes are spaced apart ce-,to pre ent appreciable. ,local clivalied.

adapted for enerezation pri. '151e Aif" nesedseriesfconnected .flat a@ llav of generally rectangular .Shana each 0f said cells comprising a sandwich-like arrangement of flat cell elements including a pair of dissimilar electrodes forming the flat facings of said cells, and an electrolyte-receptive element between said electrodes, a substantially electrolyteimpervious wrapper enclosing each said cell upon all except two opposite surfaces thereof and leaving said two surfaces exposed, the edges of said cell elements at each of said exposed surfaces terminating substantially in a nat plane, said wrapper extending upon each said covered cell surface to the planes of said exposed surfaces, in each pair of adjacent cells an electrode of one being adjacent to the dissimilar electrode of the other, the exposed surfaces of said cells being exposed on the same two opposite sides of said battery, the exposed surfaces of each cell including the wrapper thereof being cut off at a diagonal with respect to the planes of said flat cell elements, the diagonals on the same side of said battery extending in the same direction, said diagonals being at such an angle that the exposed edges of said adjacent dissimilar electrodes are .spaced apart suiciently to prevent appreciable local action after the battery is activated.

7. A primary battery adapted for energization by contact with a body of activating liquid, comprising a plurality of juxtaposed series-connected flat cells of generally rectangular shape, each of said cells comprising a sandwich-like arrangement of flat cell elements including a pair of dissimilar electrodes forming the flat facings of said cells, and an electrolyte-receptive element between said electrodes, a substantially electrolyte-impervious wrapper enclosing each said cell upon all except two opposite surfaces thereof and leaving said two surfaces exposed, the edges of said cell elements at each of said exposed surfaces terminating substantially in a nat plane, said Wrapper extending upon each said covered cell surface to the planes of said exposed surfaces, in each pair of adjacent cells an electrode of one being adjacent to the dissimilar electrode of the other and the longitudinal axis of one cell being approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis oi the other cell, whereby the exposed edges of said adjacent dissimilar electrodes are spaced apart sufficiently to prevent appreciable local action after the battery is activated.

8. A cell blank in elongated strip form adapted to be severed transversely into individual cells, comprising a sandwich-like arrangement of elongated, flat`,ribbon-1ike cell elements including a pair of electrode elements and an electrolytereceptive element between' and in contact 'with said electrode elements, said cell elements being continuous and uniform throughout their lengths, and an elongated non-conductive electrolyte-impervious wrapper laterally encasing said strip of assembled elements throughout its length.

9. A primary battery adapted for energization by contact with a body of activating liquid, comprsing a plurality of juxtaposed series-connected fiat cells, each of said cells comprising a sandwich-like arrangement of flat cell elements including a pair of dissimilar electrodes forming respectively the facings of said cell and an electrolyte-receptive element between said electrodes, a substantially electrolyte-impervious wrapper enclosing each said cell upon all except two opposite exterior surfaces thereof and leaving said two opposite surfaces exposed, the edge surfaces of said cell elements being exposed at said exposed cell surfaces, in each pair of adjaucent-cells, an electrode of one being adjacent t0 the dissimilar electrode of the other, and means for increasing sufficiently the length of the electrolytic path between the exposed surfaces of said adjacent dissimilar electrodes to prevent appreciable local action after the battery is activated.

JOSEPH J. COLEMAN. MILTON E. WILKE.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,478,632 Lockwood et al. Aug. 9, 1949 2,519,527 Wilkinson Aug. 22, 1950 2,564,495 Mullen Aug. 14, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 248,942 Great Britain Mar. 18, 1926 363,135 France Apr. 25, 1906 

